Phidias - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 585 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/09/23 Category Advertising Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? Andrew Reyes Ancient Humanities Professor Hubbs July 22, 2010 Phidias The name Phidias will be remembered for the rest of time. Phidias was a sculptor born around 490 BC. Phidias is often recognized as a the most renown ancient Greek sculptors. While there are no originals of his work remaining, his reputation has been made well known through various writings. Most of the writings give praise to Phidias. His two greatest contributions came from sculptures; one of Athena, and the other of Zeus. Phidias was a man recognized for his talents, it is a shame that this generation or generations to come will never get to see his work first hand. Phidias’ work on Athena was marveled upon for centuries. Phidias’ colossal statue of Athena was housed in the Parthenon and was displayed the symbol of Athens. It is believed that the statue was damaged in several fires and eventually was burned beyond repair around the fifth century. The statue was believed to be of great st ature and heavy in gold. The sculpture was assembled on a wooden core, covered with shaped bronze plates covered in turn with removable gold plates, save for the ivory surfaces of the goddesss face and arms; the gold weighed 44 talents, the equivalent of about 2,500 pounds (1,100 kg); the Athena Parthenos embodied a sizeable part of the treasury of Athens (Phidias, 2010). † The Second contribution was similar to Athena. Zeus was erected in the temple of Zeus in approximately 432 BC. Similar to Athena it was a chryselephantine, meaning that is was both gold and ivory. At one point Zeus’ statue was considered one of the Seven Wonders of the World. In 1954 a great discovery was found; the location of Phidias’ workshop was found in Olympia. â€Å"Tools, terracotta moulds and a cup inscribed ‘I belong to Phidias’†¦ This has enabled archaeologists to re-create the techniques used to make the great work and confirm its date. (Phidias, 2010)† Phidias’s hard work and dedication to the gods allowed the statue to be well regarded throughout all of Greece. Phidias was not limited to the two sculptures; he also helped create other works of art. Phidias directed and supervised the construction of the temple [Parthenon] over a period of more than ten years†¦ (Fiero, 2006). † The Parthenon is where the statue of Athena was erected, and is believed to have been a remarkable site to see when it was intact. Phidias also contributed a tribute to Marathon. Marathon ran 26 miles to Athens to tell of Greece’s win over the Persians. â€Å"Fragments remain of his [Phidias] work on the Parthenon friezes and commemorative works of the battle of marathon (Sheldon, 2010). Phidias works have helped shape architecture to what it is today. Even in the earliest of times Phidias was able to construct marvels such as the Parthenon, the Statue of Athena, and the Statue of Zeus. His sculpture skills and architecture abiliti es have led him to be one of the most influential artists to have ever walked the face of the earth. It would be hard to say that there is an architect or an artist today that has not been influenced in some way by the great Phidias. ? Bibliography Eddy, S. (1977). The Gold in the Athena Parthenos . American Journal of Archaeology , 107-111. Fiero, G. K. (2006). The Humanistic Tradition. New York: Mcgraw-Hill. Phidias. (2010). Retrieved July 22, 2010, from Wikipedia: https://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Statue_of_Zeus_at_Olympia Sheldon, N. (2010, June 28). Phidias: The Most Famous Scupltor of Ancient Greece. Retrieved July 22, 2010, from Suite101. com: https://archaeology. suite101. com/article. cfm/phidias-the-most-famous-sculptor-of-ancient-greece Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Phidias" essay for you Create order

Two-Letter Words in Spanish

If youve played Scrabble or similar games, you know how handy two-letter words can be. Thats true in Spanish versions of Scrabble as well as online games such as Apalabrados (Angry Words) and Wordfeud too. Following is a list of the two-letter words of Spanish that are listed in the Spanish Royal Academys dictionary, along with definitions and links to relevant articles and lessons. The list may not coincide with words that are legal to use in a specific game. Not all possible definitions are given. Words containing the combinations of ch and ll are also included here, as they used to be recognized as separate letters of the Spanish alphabet and are still treated as such in some games. ad — Word used in Latin phrases such as ad hoc ah — Interjection used to express sympathy and other emotions, sometimes similarly to ah aj — ailment (seldom used, and then usually in the plural) al — contraction of a el ar — interjection used in the military to order the immediate execution of a movement as — ace ax — ouch (antiquated) ay — ouch, oh be — the letter b bu — boo ca — a synonym for porque (antiquated) ce — the letter c cu — the letter q da — a conjugated form of dar de — of, from di — a conjugated form of dar do — do (first note of the musical scale) ea — interjection of encouragement or resolution eh — interjection used to get attention el — the masculine singular definite article en — in, on es — conjugated form of ser et — and (antiquated) ex — former fa — fa fe — faith fo — exclamation indicating displeasure or disgust fu — snort ge — the letter g ha — conjugated form of haber he — conjugated form of haber hi — shortened form of hijo (son) used in some expressions (antiquated) id — conjugated form of ir in — Word used in Latin phrases such as in promptu ir — to go ja — ha je — ha ji — ha; 22nd letter of the Greek alphabet ju — ha la — the feminine singular definite article le — a third-person object pronoun lo — a word of various uses as a pronoun or neuter definite article lle — variation of le (antiquated) me — me mi — my mu — moo na — contraction for en la (antiquated) ne — synonym for ni (antiquated) ni — nor no — no, not à ±a — shortened form of seà ±ora (antiquated) à ±o — shortened form of seà ±or (antiquated) à ±u — gnu oa — a Honduran childrens game oc — Occitan (a language related to Catalan) oh — oh os — the plural familiar second-person pronoun ox — interjection used to frighten birds and other animals pe — the letter p pi — pi pu — variation of puf (interjection used as a reaction to a bad smell) re — re (second note of the musical scale) ro — interjection, usually repeated, used in calming children se — the third-person reflexive pronoun so — under (rarely used); variation of su (antiquated); whoa su — his, her, your ta — interjection imitating a knock on a door te — you (as the second-person singular object pronoun) to — interjection used for calling dogs; whoa tu — second-person familiar singular possessive adjective (the pronoun form is tà º, although most games dont distinguish between accented and unaccented vowels) uf — whew, yuck uh — interjection of hesitation or disdain un — a, an, one va — conjugated form of ir ve — conjugated form of ver vi — conjugated form of ver xi — 14th letter of the Greek alphabet ya — adverb of vague meaning often used to add emphasis ye — the letter y yo — I (first-person singular subject pronoun)

Does management affect coastal processes at Walton-on-the-Naze Free Essays

Walton-on-the-Naze is a small retirement town, located near Colchester via the A133 with a population of 40,000. Run by tendering local authority it relies mostly on tourism economically, which is one of the reasons they have a coastal management scheme which has recently been extended to the north to protect the luxurious houses situated there. In the course of this project I will be investigating the ways in which management has been used in Walton-on-the-Naze to prevent and encourage different coastal processes in order to stop the cliff retreating and then comparing this to the unprotected cliffs and beaches in Walton to find out if management truly does affect the coastal processes present there. We will write a custom essay sample on Does management affect coastal processes at Walton-on-the-Naze? or any similar topic only for you Order Now Coastal processes affect our lives. Our families pay taxes to go towards coastal protection etc. which is essential for the whole town to function and benefit the whole community. I have decided to study Walton-on-the-Naze for a number of reasons. Firstly it is the nearest place along the coast to Southend which has unprotected cliffs as well as protected ones. At Walton the geology is the same and the processes are very similar along with the protection. Also Walton is subjected to much more energy from the sea than Southend. There are various ways the coast can be managed, firstly I will explain how the cliffs can be protected. Cliffs are protected in two places, the cliff face and the cliff foot. Energy from the sea in the form of destructive waves can undercut the cliff over time, this causes a cliff collapse because the weight cannot be supported now undercutting has taken place. To combat this, at the cliff foot a sea wall may be built to act like a natural barrier against the sea, along with a revetment to further decrease the energy of the waves. Or groynes could be put in place to encourage a build up of sand and create a â€Å"beach.† This is why beaches are usually sloping towards the sea to make the waves break and decreases the energy they have. The incoming destructive waves break on the sand and cause a weak swash up the beach followed by a strong backwash which has more energy than the swash and ‘drags’ sand back down the beach, although this is partly complicated by prevailing winds and LSD which I will go on to explain further later on in this project. Also as waves undercut the cliff rubble collects at the foot of the cliff and acts like a natural barrier in some places, this can also be recreated by man by placing massive rocks and boulders at the foot of the cliffs to protect them, this is usually called rip-rap and is the cheapest and easiest method of management. On the cliff face Gabions can be put on which are basically mesh boxes to keep the rock in place and catch any loose rocks. Cliff ‘pinning’ is another way the rock can be kept in place. Vegetation may also be planted there to hold together the rock and prevent erosion, along with sculpturing and draining of the cliff face. It is very important that these two areas are integrated, for you cannot only protect the cliff face and not the cliff foot and you cannot only protect the cliff foot and not the cliff face! These types of management are put into two categories – hard engineering and soft engineering. Hard engineering is physically building something e.g. a Sea wall. Whereas soft engineering e.g. planting is a far more natural management process. We as humans can only militate the worst effects of flooding, that is to say that floods are always going to happen, we cannot stop them. Instead sea walls and tidal barriers are put in place to reduce the energy of the destructive waves produced crashing against the cliffs. If this management was not put in place coasts would be forever retreating causing chaos and destruction that would not be tolerable in today’s society. Now I will go on to describe the coastal processes involved. There are 4 main types of coastal processes that affect the cliffs and coast at Walton-on-the-Naze, these are: 1. Destructive Waves (erosion) 2. Long shore Drift 3. Slumping 4. Deposition Some of these processes must be encouraged and some must be discouraged in order for management to be successful. Destructive waves and erosion along with long shore drift and slumping must be discouraged whereas deposition must be encouraged, next I will go on to explain what each of these processes is, does to the coast and why they must be either encouraged or discouraged. The coast is a narrow contact zone between land and sea. The effects of land, air and marine processes are constantly changing it. But on most coastlines the dominant process results from the action of waves. Although destructive waves are usually resultant from storms out at sea and have much more energy than ‘common’ constructive waves and usually do a lot more damage. Waves are usually created by the transfer of energy from wind blowing over the surface of the sea. It is true to say that the larger the wave the more energy it contains and the largest waves are formed when very strong winds blow for lengthy periods and cross large expanses of water. The maximum distance of water over which winds can blow is called the fetch. ‘In the case of South-West England the fetch is from the South-West. This also coincides with the direction of the prevailing, or most frequent, wind. In Eastern England the fetch is generally from the East.’ As you can see from the diagram on the previous page water particles move in a circular orbit. Each single particle, or a floating object, tends to move vertically up and down, it is only the shape of the wave and its energy that is transferred horizontally towards the coast. But as a wave reaches shallow water the velocity at its base is slowed due to friction with the sea bed, and the once circular orbit changes to that of an elliptical orbit as shown in the diagram. The top of the wave, unaffected by this friction, becomes taller and steeper until it finally breaks. Only at this point does the remnant of the wave, called the swash, actually move forwards. The swash transfers energy up the beach. The backwash returns energy down the beach. Constructive Waves have limited energy. Most of this is used by the swash to transport material up the beach. Destructive waves have much more energy. Most of this is used by the backwash to transport material back down the beach. Erosion Waves, like rivers, can erode the land by a number of different processes, these are: Corrasion (abrasion) – is caused when large waves hurl beach material against a cliff. Attrition – is when waves cause rocks and boulders to break up by bumping into each other on a beach, into small particles. Corrosion (solution) – is when salts and acids in the seawater slowly dissolve the cliff. Hydraulic Action – is the force of waves compressing air in cracks in the cliff. Longshore Drift Although waves do carry material up and down the beach they do not necessarily carry it up and down vertically, the major movement is along the coast by a process called longshore drift. Waves rarely approach a beach at right angles, instead they tend to approach the beach from a direction similar to that of which the wind is blowing. When a wave breaks, the swash carries material up the beach at the same angle at which the wave approached the shore; then the backwash returns material straight down the beach at right-angles to the water, by gravity. The outcome is that material is slowly moved along the beach in a zigzag course. The effect of longshore drift or LSD can be best seen where groynes have been built to prevent this material from being moved along the beach and so there is a build up of sand on one side of the groyne in each case. There are many examples of this in Walton-on-the-Naze (see photos section.) Slumping Slumping is the movement of unconsolidated material (moraine) under gravity. The rock particles in the cliff are held together by frictional forces which are overcome by a build up of ‘pore water pressure’ owing to saturation by prolonged rain. That is to say that when water infiltrates the cliff it causes the rock to ‘slump’ or slide over each other. Of course a wave-cut notch will have already formed at the rock foot, causing the immense pressure above, see diagram overleaf. Deposition Shingle and sand being transported along the coast by longshore drift will, in time, reach an area where the water is sheltered and the waves have no energy, e.g. a bay. The material may be temporarily deposited because there is no longer any energy left to carry them, this could then form a beach. How to cite Does management affect coastal processes at Walton-on-the-Naze?, Essays

Anti-Flag - Terror State free essay sample

Punk rock, is that the kind of music where kids cut each other with razor blades and knives? Well, not exactly. Anti-Flag are back with their fifth album, Terror State. If you have never heard them, you may be questioning their name. No, theyre not always against the United States. They just have strong opinions and an awesome way of getting these across. The catchy first song,Turncoat, is about the President of the United States. It gets you pumped for the next one and by the time you hit track number five, youll be rocking out. Anti-Flag are not only good at playing music, their lyrics actually have meaning. You Can Kill the Protester, But You Cant Kill the Protest encourages people to get out there and protest about what they think is right. They show a different way of looking at things and make you form your own opinions. We will write a custom essay sample on Anti-Flag Terror State or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page You may not agree with them, but thats not what theyre trying to get you do to. Some of the best songs on this 13-track CD are Power to the Peaceful, Wake Up! and One People, One Struggle. Its hard to pick a favorite. Overall, Anti-Flag is a great band with a good message that lets people see there is a different way of approaching things. With their awesome guitar-driven power chords and some good punk rock, its a great album that is definitely worth your time and money.